Journal Of
Polyphenols

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Optimization of extraction process for total flavonoids of Sophorae Flos for the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Jiale Mao, Aijinxiu Ma, Lingling Wang, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 117-129.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （1606KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Sophora Flos (SF) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, and to optimize the extraction process of the predicted active components. The STRING database was used for protein interaction analysis and PPI network construction via Cytoscape 3.9.1. Pymol was employed for docking and visualization. An extensive review of SF identified 6 active ingredients, 297 related objectives, 84 disease objectives, and 57 total objectives. After protein interaction and topology analysis, 18 core targets were identifi ed. These included 146 gene function entries (P < 0.05). Active compounds, mainly flavonoids, can modulate the expression of various proteins such as TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, PPARG, and TGFB1 to achieve therapeutic effects on HLP. The network pharmacology and molecular docking results suggested that the active flavonoids component in SF may be related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoid from SF using ethanol reflux extraction, based on a single factor experiment. The effects of reflux time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and other factors on the extraction of total flavonoid from SF were investigated. The optimum process conditions were reflux time of 1.25 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/mL and ethanol concentration of 60%. Using these conditions, the purity of total flavonoid extracted from SF was 70.33 ± 0.22%. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review on anti-inflammation activity of phenol compound paeonol Weitao Zhong, Hao Hu, Jiaqing Cao, Xinnan Li, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 106-116.   Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （998KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Paeonol is a bioactive phenol present in Dioscorea japonica, Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora. It is the main active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicines Mudanpi and Xu Changqing. Clinical applications of paeonol are mainly focused on anti-inflammatory effects due to its ability to act as an antioxidant, a regulator of inflammatory enzyme activities, a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways and a regulator of adhesion molecules to modulate inflammation through molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, paeonol also regulates infl ammation by regulating the metabolism of gut microbes. In this review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, ESI and other websites using “paeonol” “infl ammation” “oxidative stress” “signaling pathways” and “gut microbiota” as keywords. We mainly referred to the relevant literature in the last decade and systematically summarized the studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of paeonol to provide a reference for new drug development and clinical application of paeonol. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the pharmacological mechanisms and novel drug delivery system of vitexin Jinghui Yang, Mengyuan Zhao, Hongyue Wang, Xinnan Li, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 133-140.   Abstract （59）      PDF（pc） （479KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Vitexin is a natural phytoflavonoid glycoside extracted from the leaves of vitexin, a plant of the Verbenaceae family, which is an active ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines and is present in a wide range of medicinal plants. In this review, pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, diabetes mellitus are described. The novel formulation of vitexin of nano delivery and hybrid micelles are elucidated. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Determination of total flavonoids content in buckwheat and inhibition of α-amylase activity Huijing Chao, Rong Yang, Ming Yang, Beijie Xu, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 98-105.   Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （990KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Diabetes is one of the most difficult chronic diseases to cure in the world, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Flavonoids in buckwheat can regulate blood glucose levels by inhibiting α-amylase activity. Therefore, sweet buckwheat produced in Inner Mongolia was used as the research object, and buckwheat flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Total flavonoids content was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. With acarbose as the positive control, the inhibition test of α-amylase was carried out by DNS colorimetry to study the inhibition behavior of flavonoids on α-amylase activity. The results showed that the extraction process of flavonoids was stable and reliable, and the established method for the determination of flavonoids was simple, accurate and reproducible. The total flavonoids content of buckwheat samples was 2.706 mg/g, buckwheat total flavonoids extraction solution had an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, and its median inhibition concentration (IC50) was 38.53 mg/mL. The results of this experiment provide a technical reference for the development and utilization of flavonoids in Inner Mongolia sweet buckwheat, and provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of flavonoid-rich hypoglycemic food. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice Xiaoli Wang, Ning Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 91-97.   Abstract （87）      PDF（pc） （1223KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption, which can lead to chronic liver disease death. Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter, cold, has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood and detumescence. Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes, can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances. In this paper, a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit (SNGF) ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury. H&E staining and oil red O (ORO) staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated, vacuoles were signifi cantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDH, TBA, AKP, ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group, and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species (ROS) in time. MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment. These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration of potential mechanisms for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by Solanum diphyllum L. based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Kexin Huang, Nan Yang, Bingxin Zhang, Ziqi Sun, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 165-175.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （4250KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Evidence of the advantages of Solanum nigrum L. for the treatment of ulcerative colitis is accumulating. However, research revealing the treatment of Solanum diphyllum L. against ulcerative colitis is scarce. In this study, the chemical components of the extract of Solanum diphyllum L. were characterized by LC-MS/MS, identifying 31 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps. A total of 425 component target genes and 1 900 disease target genes were obtained, and 121 intersection targets and 6 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes by means of network pharmacology. GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-infl ammation. The results of molecular docking showed that the chemical components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as SRC, EGFR, PTGS2, MMP9, HSP90AA1, ESR1. This study provided a scientific basis for the development and application of Solanum diphyllum L. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress on the mechanism of food polyphenols in the prevention of liver fibrosis Jianye Dai, Man Zhang, Yipeng Wang, Jiaoying Liu, Junyan Shan, Guangyue Su Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 150-164.   Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （2022KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Liver fibrosis is the formation of extracellular matrix deposits due to excessive repair of chronic liver damage. Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the progression of cirrhosis, and timely intervention reverses the pathogenesis. Liver fibrosis is a dynamic and highly integrated molecular, cellular and organisational process. Currently, no specific drug is used to treat liver fibrosis, and liver transplantation is the main clinical treatment for cirrhosis. Chemical drugs are often designed to target individual genes or proteins, with kinds of side effects. Food polyphenols, which are available and safe, have unique advantages and great potential in the treatment with the liver fibrosis. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and provides examples of food polyphenols’ anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms that have been identified in recent studies, and provides some sights for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of genistein phospholipid complexes Ming Yang, Dan Zhang, Honghui Zhao, Shuping Wang, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 141-149.   Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （4152KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Genistein phospholipid complex (GS-PC) was produced in order to increase the solubility and antioxidant activity of genistein (GS), an insoluble natural polyphenol compound. By using the solvent evaporation process, GS-PC was produced. Several characteristics techniques were used to confirm the production of GS-PC, and its physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity were investigated. The outcome showed that GS-PC had a recombination rate of 96.84% ± 0.51%. The characterization results confirmed that GS-PC was formed by the intermolecular interaction between GS and phospholipids. In vitro antioxidant studies showed that GS-PC had a certain scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals, ABTS free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals. In summary, the results of this study indicated that GS-PC could be used as a formula to improve its solubility and antioxidant activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the mechanism of sea buckthorn polyphenols for the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Yizhuo Geng, Lei Zhou, Haimiao Chen, Youdong Zhao, Tingxu Yan, Ying Jia Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 8-19.   Abstract （10）      PDF（pc） （5239KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of sea buckthorn polyphenols in the treatment of hyperlipidemia through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The TCMSP pharmacology database was used to screen the polyphenols present in sea buckthorn, and then the SwissTargetPrediction and Uniprot databases were used to obtain the potential targets of sea buckthorn polyphenols, which were supplemented by the literature. In total, 7 polyphenols and 154 potential targets were obtained. Through GeneCards, OMIM database, 1 358 hyperlipidemia-related targets were collected. We found that there were 101 targets at the intersection of components and diseases. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, 27 core targets were obtained, which were AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL-6, etc. in order of degree value. 174 pathways were obtained from KEGG enrichment analysis, including AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, etc. The molecular docking of the main components to the targets was performed using OpenBabelGUI, AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software. Finally, the results were visualized using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. The molecular docking results showed that sea buckthorn polyphenols have good binding ability with the key targets. Among them, such as quercetin and kaempferol, have good binding ability with TNF, TP53 and IL-6. For example, TNF binds to quercetin with a binding energy of -5.34 kcal/mol and to kaempferol with a binding energy of -6.22 kcal/mol; TP53 binds to kaempferol with a binding energy of -5.32 kcal/mol; IL-6 binds to quercetin with a binding energy of -5.62 kcal/mol, etc. Therefore, the network pharmacology study showed that the treatment of hyperlipidemia by sea buckthorn polyphenols can be realized by multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathway together, which provides some reference for the later study of sea buckthorn polyphenols in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Simulated digestive behavior of naringin microspheres and its influence on yogurt: The rheology and antioxidant activities Hongyue Wang, Tong Zhang, Shuhan Liu, Xiangrong Zhang, Baoshan Sun Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 1-7.   Abstract （7）      PDF（pc） （3182KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract In this study, naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined. Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach, allowing more release in the intestinal part. All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity. The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL, respectively. All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80% scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20 μL whey/mL. The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt. This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review on the function and application of polyphenol compound of quinoa Jianle Si, Keshuang Guo, Xin Li, Yingtong Ma, Jianxin Song, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 32-43.   Abstract （11）      PDF（pc） （6203KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Quinoa is pseudo cereal and considered as full nutritional food for its functional ingredients such as peptides, polysaccharides, saponins and polyphenols. Up to now, over 20 phenolic compounds have been reported in quinoa, and these polyphenols are related to anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective activities. Recently, more and more attentions are focused on quinoa in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Many new products such as bakery, beverage and meat product made from quinoa are popular in the market. This article presents a review of the literature on the function and application of polyphenols in quinoa. The review will benefit the researchers working with nutrition, functional diets of quinoa. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Network pharmacology and molecular docking based study on the potential mechanism of the treatment of colitis by Solanum nigrum Linn. Bingxin Zhang, Zhennan Meng, Kexin Huang, Ziqi Sun, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 20-31.   Abstract （9）      PDF（pc） （3479KB）（7）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn. (SNL), by LC-MS/MS, and to identify 33 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps. Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to investigate the mechanism of action of SNL against ulcerative colitis (UC). A total of 282 component target genes and 1 850 disease target genes were obtained, and 157 cross-targets and 16 core-targets were obtained after crossover. A total of 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic were obtained by GO analysis and KEGG analysis, respectively. It is possible that the anti UC effect can be achieved by regulating proteins such as AKT1, EGFR, NFKB1, JUN, and HSP90AA1. Molecular docking results show that the anti UC active ingredients are well docked with the target protein molecules This study provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of SNL. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）