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Exploration of anti-cardiac fibrosis active ingredients of Eucalyptus globulus Labill. fruit and their mechanism of action based on chromatography-mass spectrometry and network pharmacology Minjie Li, Xiaoli Wang, Tianyu Cheng, Weizhuo Tang, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (1): 1-14.   Abstract （839）      PDF（pc） （3953KB）（506）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The fruit of Eucalyptus globulus Labill., also known as “Yikouzhong (YKZ)” in China, belongs to the myrtaceae family. The aim of this study was to characterize the chemical composition of YKZ extract by GC-MS combined with LC-MS/MS. A total of 34 compounds were initially identified by GC-MS and 54 compounds were identified by LC-MS/MS positive and negative total ion flow maps. The total phenols and flavonoid-like substances were quantified using an enzyme standardization method to determine the presence of phenolic substances in them. At the same time, a network pharmacology approach based on LC-MS/MS was used to construct a “drug-component-target” network for myocardial protection, and 696 potential anti-myocardial fibrosis targets were obtained. The PPI analysis identifi ed 72 core targets, and the enrichment analysis revealed that the core targets may exert anti-myocardial fibrosis effects by regulating Lipid and atherosclerosis and Proteoglycans signaling pathways. Taken together, these results suggest that YKZ anti-cardiac fibrosis may act through multiple components and targets, and this study provides a scientific basis for the functional development and application of YKZ against myocardial fibrosis. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The mechanism of polyphenols in perilla against hyperuricemia using network pharmacology and molecular docking Lingling Wang, Aijinxiu Ma, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (1): 26-34.   Abstract （756）      PDF（pc） （3154KB）（417）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract To investigate the possible targets and mechanisms of polyphenols in perilla in the treatment of hyperuricemia (HUA) Batman-TCM, TCMSP, PubMed, and CNKI databases were used to obtain the main components of perilla and component- related targets. HUAtargets were collected through GeneCards and OMIM online platforms. The HUAtarget and the perilla component target were crossed to obtain a common target. Protein interaction networks were constructed using the STRING database, and the compound-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape software. The GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using the DAVID database. Molecular docking was used to verify the results. Thirteen potential active components, 101 component targets, 901 HUA-related targets, and 36 common targets were screened out. Through network topology analysis, core targets such as TP53, TNF, CASP3, and PPARG and active components such as luteolin, β-carotene, cyanidin, catechin, and linolenic acid ethyl ester were obtained. The topology analysis of the “compound-target- pathway” network showed that the polyphenolic compounds luteolin, cyanidin, and catechin were the main active components of the perilla in the treatment of HUA. This study showed that the treatment of HUA with perilla had the characteristics of a multi-component, multi-target, and multi-signal pathway, which provided a scientifc basis for further study on the molecular mechanism of the treatment of HUAwith the potential active components of perilla. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Application and action mechanism of polyphenol delivery system Jia Kang, Junguo Wang, Junan Zheng, Changqing Xie, Jiaqing Cao, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (1): 15-25.   Abstract （868）      PDF（pc） （2527KB）（372）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Polyphenols are a class of chemical components that are benefcial to human health. Polyphenol compounds provide advanced biomedical applications due to their antioxidant and anti-infammatory activity. They can also play a role in reducing the risk of various chronic diseases. However, most polyphenols are unstable compounds with low absorption and poor bioavailability which greatly limited their applications. Therefore, the delivery of polyphenols to specifc parts of the body has become a therapeutic necessity. In this study, the research of polyphenol delivery systems such as microspheres, nanoparticles, liposomes and gels were mainly summarized. The action mechanism of polyphenols to intestinal microbiota, tumor cells, the brain, pancreas, and liver was analyzed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and release of curcumin/silk fibroin/sodium alginate film Yerong Yuan, Jun’an Zheng, Zunchao Liu, Wei Li, Jiaqing Cao, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (1): 1-10.   Abstract （121）      PDF（pc） （1550KB）（296）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The aim of this study was to prepare silk fibroin/sodium alginate composite film containing curcumin by casting method. Orthogonal test was used to optimize the formulation according to the values of tensile strength and elongation at break. The release of curcumin in the optimal film was studied in order to explore its application as wound dressing. The results showed that the optimum composition of curcumin/silk fibroin/sodium alginate composite film was as follows: Silk fibroin (70 mg/mL) 2.7 g, sodium alginate (24 mg/mL) 0.84 g, span 40 (5.0 mg/mL) 0.4 g, glycerol (3.75%, V/V) 3 mL, curcumin (0.2 mg/mL) 0.016 g. The optimum film showed the tensile strength and the elongation at break was (0.628 ± 0.032) MPa and (0.794 ± 0.046) %, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Molecular mechanism of Solanum Nigrum Linn in alcoholic liver damage based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Ziqi Sun, Xiaoli Wang, Xueying Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (2): 71-80.   Abstract （151）      PDF（pc） （5441KB）（252）       Knowledge map    Save Solanum Nigrum Linn, the purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn by LC-MS/MS, and to identify 29 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps. The potential mechanism of action of Solanum Nigrum Linn in treating alcoholic liver injury was investigated by means of network pharmacology and molecular docking. A total of 288 component target genes and 1 010 disease target genes were obtained, and 98 intersection targets and 7 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes. GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-infl ammation and anti-apoptosis. The results of molecular docking showed that the blood components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as GAPDH, IL6, SRC, EGFR and ESR1. This study provided a scientifi c basis for the development and application of Solanum Nigrum Linn. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the mechanism of hypolipidemic effect of polyphenols in wolfberry based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Ming Yang, Honghui Zhao, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (2): 60-70.   Abstract （158）      PDF（pc） （5201KB）（196）       Knowledge map    Save To explore the mechanism of hypolipidemic action of wolfberry polyphenols by using network pharmacology and molecular docking. The active ingredients and targets of wolfberry were searched by TCMSP, and the Cytoscape 3.9.0 software was used to construct a “ wolfberry component-target” network. The Gene Cards database was used to screen the hyperlipidemic targets and intersect them with the active targets of wolfberry to construct the PPI network using the STRING platform. The gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of the core targets were carried out on the Metascape platform, and molecular docking of the active ingredients to the core targets was performed using AutoDockTools software. A total of 33 active ingredients and 173 potential targets of wolfberry were screened, including 99 targets related to hyperlipidemia. The results of the analysis of 99 intersecting targets with the components of wolfberry identifi ed the core active ingredients as quercetin, glycitein and atropine. The binding of the major components of wolfberry, including the polyphenolic compounds quercetin and glycitein, as well as atropine to the key targets AKT1, IL6 and TNF may be important mechanisms for the hypolipidemic therapeutic eff ect. GO functional enrichment analysis involves biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis mainly involves the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, fluid shear stress, and TNF signaling pathway. Molecular docking validated the good binding activity of the targets to the active ingredients. The binding of atropine and the polyphenolic compounds quercetin and glycitein to the key targets AKT1, IL6 and TNF may be an important mechanism for the hypolipidemic therapeutic effect of wolfberry. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Polyphenols extracted from Aronia melanocarpa by combined enzymatic and ultrasonication and their antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity Xinzhu Zhang, Ming Song, Weizhuo Xu, Wei Xu Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (1): 35-47.   Abstract （636）      PDF（pc） （999KB）（170）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The extraction of polyphenols from Aronia melanocarpa was carried out using a combination of enzymatic and ultrasound. After single-factor and orthogonal design and experiment, the optimized polyphenol extraction conditions were 1% enzyme, 1:40 material-to-liquid ratio, 55 ℃, 60 min ultrasonication, 70% ethanol, and the fi nal extraction amount was 88.634 mg/g, which displayed a 25.15% and 34.08% improvement compared with the single ultrasonication and enzymatic extraction methods, respectively. Significant antibacterial effects of polyphenols were shown against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis. Further antioxidation eff ects were evaluated, and the superoxide anion radical scavenging rate, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and DPPH free radical scavenging rate reached 45.2%, 83.5% and 85.4%, respectively. This combined enzymatic and ultrasonic extraction method exhibited the advantages of high extraction rate, saving solvent consumption and extraction time, but also provided a new method for the development and utilization of natural antimicrobial and antioxidant health products. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Relationship between tea pigments and health: A bibliometric and visual analysis Xiaoya Pan, Fangyuan Wei, Mengyuan Zhao, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (1): 33-41.   Abstract （125）      PDF（pc） （3145KB）（152）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract: Tea pigments have significant effects on human health. However, more attention have been paid to their physiological functions. The aim of this study was to analyze the quantitative and qualitative impact of tea pigments on human health, together with their current and potential future research directions. The study searched and screened 520 publications on WOS from January 2002 to December 2022. The article collected and collated literature published in the last 20 years and analyzed it bibliometrically for years, journals, countries, authors, topics, keywords and strongest citation bursts. The findings of keywords and strongest citation bursts revealed that the most discussed research topics were anticancer, black tea polyphenol, antioxidant, activator inhibitor, in vivo, gut microbiota, and summarize the relevant literature. As a reference for future research, the literature pointed out current shortcomings and speculated future development trend of tea pigments. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of action of Balanophora involucrata polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of myocardial injury based on network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques Shipeng Duan, Ting Gao, Feifei Li, Xuehan Li, Haojun Shen, Fang Wang, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (2): 45-55.   Abstract （85）      PDF（pc） （8713KB）（130）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The objective of this work was to investigate the mechanism of action of Balanophora involucrata polyphenolic compounds in the treatment of myocardial injury. In the present study, Balanophora involucrata was extracted by refl uxing 75% of ethanol. The obtained extract was extracted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and n-butanol respectively. And the ethyl acetate layer was separated. The extract was prepared by silica gel column chromatography, sephadex LH-20 elution and thin layer chromatography. After that, the Swiss target prediction database was utilized to obtain the targets of Balanophora involucrata, and the Genecards, OMIM and TTD databases were used to predict and screen the targets of Balanophora involucrata for the treatment of myocardial injury. The active ingredient-target network was constructed using Cytoscape software, and the PPI network was mapped using String database and Cytoscape software. GO bioprocess enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were performed by Metascape software to predict the mechanism of action. Molecular docking was performed in Discovery Studio 2016 client software to verify the binding of Balanophora involucrata polyphenols to key targets. In this study, six polyphenolic compounds were isolated from Balanophora involucrata. By GO enrichment analysis, 1 614 biological processes (BP), 127 cellular compositions (CC), and 215 molecular functions (MF) were obtained; a total of 155 cross-targets were involved in the KEGG enrichment analysis. The PPI network showed that quercetin was the main active component of polyphenolic compounds against myocardial injury and that AKT1, EGFR, STAT3, SRC, ESR1, MMP9, HSP90AA1 and other related signals were associated with myocardial injury treatment. Finally, the multicomponent-multi-target-multi-pathway action of Balanophora involucrata was concluded, which provided new ideas and methods for further research on the mechanism of action of Balanophora involucrata in myocardial injury. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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The mechanism of Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds in the treatment of diabetes using network pharmacology and molecular docking Mingyuan Yuan, Xiaoli Wang, Ziqi Sun, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (1): 11-19.   Abstract （133）      PDF（pc） （4622KB）（129）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The purpose of this project is used for exploring the mechanism of Callistephus chinensis in the treatment of diabetes by network pharmacology and molecular docking methods. The target of Callistephus chinensis was obtained from SwissTargetPrediction database, while the target related to diabetes was obtained from GeneCards and OMIM databases. The target was added in String database to build the protein interaction network. GO biological process enrichment analysis and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis were carried out by Metascape software, then the target-pathway network was constructed. Molecular docking was carried out in Discovery Studio 2016 Client software to verify the binding force of Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds with key targets. In this study, 10 potential active components were selected from the flavonoid monomer compounds of Callistephus chinensis. 1 847 biological processes (BP), 126 cell compositions (CC) and 256 molecular functions (MF) were obtained by GO enrichment analysis; a total of 194 pathways were involved in KEGG enrichment analysis of 192 cross targets. Network analysis showed that quercetin was the main active component of flavonoids in the treatment of diabetes, AKT1, TNF, VEGFA, EGFR, SRC and other related signals were in relation to the treatment of diabetes. This study showed that Callistephus chinensis flavonoid compounds play a role in the treatment of diabetes by regulating multi-target and multi-pathway. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the mechanism of Crocus sativus and Rosa rugosa for the treatment of coronary heart disease based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Aijinxiu Ma, Zihan Hou, Ming Yang, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (1): 20-32.   Abstract （104）      PDF（pc） （7239KB）（112）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Coronary atherosclerotic heart disease (CHD) is the main type of cardiovascular disease. The efficacy of Uyghur drug compound Saffron formula in CHD has been clinically proven. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, researchers investigated the active ingredients and mechanism of action of Crocus sativus and Rosa rugosa in the treatment of CHD by network pharmacology and molecular docking techniques, collected target information with the help of TCMSP, GEO, GeneCards, and other databases, constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network diagrams by STRING database, performed GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analysis on common targets, and finally molecularly docked the active ingredients with core targets. C. sativus-R. rugosa have a variety of polyphenol compounds, a total of 12 active ingredients, including quercetin and kaempferol, were screened. The first three targets intersected with the core targets of CHD as AKT1, TNF, and IL-1B. Enrichment results of KEGG pathway showed that C. sativus-R. rugosa against CHD involved atherosclerosis pathways. The molecular docking results showed that quercetin and kaempferol were well bound to the core targets, and it was speculated that these components might be the main active ingredients for the treatment of CHD. The potential mechanism of action of C. sativus-R. rugosa for the treatment of coronary heart disease was initially revealed. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of extraction of polyphenols from pomegranate peel by orthogonal experiment design and antioxidant activity Hanxin Zhang, Junan Zhen, Jiajun Yin, Caihong Shi, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (2): 51-59.   Abstract （177）      PDF（pc） （1614KB）（96）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate the extraction process and antioxidant activity of polyphenols from Yunnan Mengzi pomegranate peel. Single factor and orthogonal test were used as optimize the extract rate (ER) of polyphenols from pomegranate peel (PGP). The polyphenols antioxidant activity was evaluated by DPPH·, ·OH and total reducing ability, and compared with that of Vc. The optimum extraction conditions of polyphenols were as follows: ethanol concentration of 50%, liquid-solid ratio of 50:1, extraction temperature of 90 °C, extraction for 4 h. Under these conditions, the ER of polyphenols from GPG was 8.15%. The results showed that the scavenging eff ects of polyphenols and Vc on DPPH·, ·OH increased with increasing concentration, and the scavenging eff ect of polyphenols on DPPH· was higher than Vc in rang of 0.1-1.6 μg/mL. When the concentration is greater than 0.6 μg/mL, the scavenging eff ects of plyphenols on ·OH is higher than Vc. The total reducing ability of polyphenols from PGP improved with the increase of concentration, and when the concentration was 8 μg/mL, the total reducing ability was 114 U/mL. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Qualitative and quantitative analysis of characteristic free and bound phenolics in three colored quinoas Jianxin Song, Dezhi Gao, Xiaodong Wang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (2): 78-86.   Abstract （96）      PDF（pc） （2826KB）（95）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Quinoa is a good source of phenolics, which both exist as free and bound forms. In order to mark clear the characteristic free and bound phenolics in different quinoa samples, in this study, characteristic free and bound phenolics in three colored quinoas including WQ (white quinoa), RQ (red quinoa) and BQ (black quinoa) were investigated. Result showed a total of 14 phenolics both acted as free and bound form were analyzed in three colored quinoas (WQ, RQ and BQ). Gallic acid, vanillic acid, epicatechin, p-coumaric acid and quercetin existed both as free and bound forms were common phenolics in quinoas. The highest total free phenolics (238.10 mg/kg) and bound phenolics (3 377.75 mg/kg) were presented in WQ and RQ, respectively. It indicated WQ and RQ were respectively good source of free and bound phenolics. Moreover, characteristic free and bound phenolics in three colored quinoas could be well analyzed by principal component analysis ( PCA), indicating it was an eff ective and reliable method in distinguishing three colored quinoas based on their characteristic free and bound phenolics, respectively. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Polyphenol content and antioxidant activity in mulberry powder treated at high temperature Jiajun Yin, Junan Zheng, Xin Li, Jiaqing Cao, Xinyao Guan, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2023, 5 (2): 81-87.   Abstract （127）      PDF（pc） （3496KB）（86）       Knowledge map    Save The aim of this study was to investigate changes of polyphenols content and the antioxidant activity of mulberry fruit powder after heating at high temperature. The mulberry fruit powder was heated by baking method at different temperature and time. The DPPH scavenging ability, the OH•- scavenging ability and the O2•- scavenging ability were used to evaluate the changes in the antioxidant activity of the mulberry fruit powder after the heat treatment. The results showed that 74.87% of the polyphenols in the mulberry powder were lost after heating at 150 ℃ for 5 min, and almost all the polyphenols were lost with the increase of the heating time and temperature. The antioxidant experiment showed that the DPPH scavenging rate, OH•- scavenging rate and O2•- scavenging rate of mulberry fruit powder were 68.90%, 39.15% and 14.09%, respectively after treatment at 150 ℃ for 5 min. Mulberry fruit powder still has some potential to be added to baked goods as a functional ingredient. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Optimization of extraction process for total flavonoids of Sophorae Flos for the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Jiale Mao, Aijinxiu Ma, Lingling Wang, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 117-129.   Abstract （67）      PDF（pc） （1606KB）（66）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Sophora Flos (SF) in the treatment of hyperlipidemia (HLP) using network pharmacology and molecular docking methods, and to optimize the extraction process of the predicted active components. The STRING database was used for protein interaction analysis and PPI network construction via Cytoscape 3.9.1. Pymol was employed for docking and visualization. An extensive review of SF identified 6 active ingredients, 297 related objectives, 84 disease objectives, and 57 total objectives. After protein interaction and topology analysis, 18 core targets were identifi ed. These included 146 gene function entries (P < 0.05). Active compounds, mainly flavonoids, can modulate the expression of various proteins such as TNF, IL-6, IL-1β, PPARG, and TGFB1 to achieve therapeutic effects on HLP. The network pharmacology and molecular docking results suggested that the active flavonoids component in SF may be related to the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Therefore, the orthogonal experiment method was used to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoid from SF using ethanol reflux extraction, based on a single factor experiment. The effects of reflux time, solid-liquid ratio, ethanol concentration, and other factors on the extraction of total flavonoid from SF were investigated. The optimum process conditions were reflux time of 1.25 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:15 g/mL and ethanol concentration of 60%. Using these conditions, the purity of total flavonoid extracted from SF was 70.33 ± 0.22%. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review on anti-inflammation activity of phenol compound paeonol Weitao Zhong, Hao Hu, Jiaqing Cao, Xinnan Li, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 106-116.   Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （998KB）（60）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Paeonol is a bioactive phenol present in Dioscorea japonica, Paeonia suffruticosa and Paeonia lactiflora. It is the main active ingredient in the traditional Chinese medicines Mudanpi and Xu Changqing. Clinical applications of paeonol are mainly focused on anti-inflammatory effects due to its ability to act as an antioxidant, a regulator of inflammatory enzyme activities, a modulator of inflammatory signaling pathways and a regulator of adhesion molecules to modulate inflammation through molecular mechanisms of action. In addition, paeonol also regulates infl ammation by regulating the metabolism of gut microbes. In this review, we searched PubMed, Web of Science, ESI and other websites using “paeonol” “infl ammation” “oxidative stress” “signaling pathways” and “gut microbiota” as keywords. We mainly referred to the relevant literature in the last decade and systematically summarized the studies on the anti-inflammatory effects of paeonol to provide a reference for new drug development and clinical application of paeonol. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Mechanism of Rosae Rugosae Flos flavonoids in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and optimization of extraction process based on network pharmacology Yunxiao Xia, Aijinxiu Ma, Zihan Hou, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (2): 65-77.   Abstract （101）      PDF（pc） （2865KB）（50）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract This study aims to identify a natural plant chemical with hypolipidemic effects that can be used to treat high cholesterol without adverse reactions. Through network pharmacology screening, it was found that Rosae Rugosae Flos (RF) flavonoids had potential therapeutic effects on hyperlipidemia and its mechanism of action was discussed. TCMSP and GeneCards databases were used to obtain active ingredients and disease targets. Venn diagrams were drawn to illustrate the findings. The interaction network diagram was created using Cytoscape 3.8.0 software. The PPI protein network was constructed using String. GO and KEGG enrichment analysis was performed using Metascape. The results revealed 2 active flavonoid ingredients and 60 potential targets in RF. The key targets, including CCL2, PPARG, and PPARA, were found to play a role in multiple pathways such as the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway, lipid and atherosclerosis, and cancer pathway in diabetic complications. The solvent extraction method was optimized for effi cient fl avonoid extraction based on network pharmacology prediction results. This was achieved through a single factor and orthogonal test, resulting in an optimum process with a refl ux time of 1.5 h, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:13 g/mL, and an ethanol concentration of 50%. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Review on the pharmacological mechanisms and novel drug delivery system of vitexin Jinghui Yang, Mengyuan Zhao, Hongyue Wang, Xinnan Li, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 133-140.   Abstract （59）      PDF（pc） （479KB）（48）       Knowledge map    Save Vitexin is a natural phytoflavonoid glycoside extracted from the leaves of vitexin, a plant of the Verbenaceae family, which is an active ingredient in many traditional Chinese medicines and is present in a wide range of medicinal plants. In this review, pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory, diabetes mellitus are described. The novel formulation of vitexin of nano delivery and hybrid micelles are elucidated. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Determination of total flavonoids content in buckwheat and inhibition of α-amylase activity Huijing Chao, Rong Yang, Ming Yang, Beijie Xu, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 98-105.   Abstract （106）      PDF（pc） （990KB）（41）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Diabetes is one of the most difficult chronic diseases to cure in the world, which seriously affects people’s health and quality of life. Flavonoids in buckwheat can regulate blood glucose levels by inhibiting α-amylase activity. Therefore, sweet buckwheat produced in Inner Mongolia was used as the research object, and buckwheat flavonoids were extracted by ultrasonic-assisted extraction method. Total flavonoids content was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry. With acarbose as the positive control, the inhibition test of α-amylase was carried out by DNS colorimetry to study the inhibition behavior of flavonoids on α-amylase activity. The results showed that the extraction process of flavonoids was stable and reliable, and the established method for the determination of flavonoids was simple, accurate and reproducible. The total flavonoids content of buckwheat samples was 2.706 mg/g, buckwheat total flavonoids extraction solution had an inhibitory effect on α-amylase, and its median inhibition concentration (IC50) was 38.53 mg/mL. The results of this experiment provide a technical reference for the development and utilization of flavonoids in Inner Mongolia sweet buckwheat, and provide a theoretical reference for the development and application of flavonoid-rich hypoglycemic food. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit ethanolic extract on alcoholic liver injury in mice Xiaoli Wang, Ning Wang, Nan Yang, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (3): 91-97.   Abstract （87）      PDF（pc） （1223KB）（34）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Alcoholic liver injury is a liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption, which can lead to chronic liver disease death. Solanum Nigrum Linn taste bitter, cold, has the effect of clearing heat and detoxification, promoting blood and detumescence. Solanum Nigrum Linn fruit contains a variety of antioxidant enzymes, can remove the body produced by aerobic metabolism harmful substances. In this paper, a model of alcohol-induced liver injury in C57BL/6 mice was established to evaluate the protective effect of Solanum Nigrum Linn green fruit (SNGF) ethanolic extract on alcohol-induced liver injury. H&E staining and oil red O (ORO) staining showed that hepatic lobules were clearly demarcated, vacuoles were signifi cantly reduced and lipid droplets were reduced in SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group. Serum levels of TC, TG, LDH, TBA, AKP, ALT and AST were decreased in the SNGF ethanolic extract treatment group, and SNGF ethanolic extract could clear reactive oxygen species (ROS) in time. MDA content was signifi cantly decreased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment, while superoxide dismutase (SOD) and GSH-Px contents were increased after SNGF ethanolic extract treatment. These results suggest that SNGF ethanolic extract has a protective effect on alcohol-induced liver injury. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploration of potential mechanisms for the treatment of ulcerative colitis by Solanum diphyllum L. based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Kexin Huang, Nan Yang, Bingxin Zhang, Ziqi Sun, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 165-175.   Abstract （63）      PDF（pc） （4250KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Evidence of the advantages of Solanum nigrum L. for the treatment of ulcerative colitis is accumulating. However, research revealing the treatment of Solanum diphyllum L. against ulcerative colitis is scarce. In this study, the chemical components of the extract of Solanum diphyllum L. were characterized by LC-MS/MS, identifying 31 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps. A total of 425 component target genes and 1 900 disease target genes were obtained, and 121 intersection targets and 6 core targets were obtained after the intersection of the two genes by means of network pharmacology. GO analysis and KEGG analysis respectively obtained 20 signaling pathways such as anti-infl ammation. The results of molecular docking showed that the chemical components could successfully dock with the target proteins of the disease such as SRC, EGFR, PTGS2, MMP9, HSP90AA1, ESR1. This study provided a scientific basis for the development and application of Solanum diphyllum L. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Progress on the mechanism of food polyphenols in the prevention of liver fibrosis Jianye Dai, Man Zhang, Yipeng Wang, Jiaoying Liu, Junyan Shan, Guangyue Su Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 150-164.   Abstract （58）      PDF（pc） （2022KB）（32）       Knowledge map    Save Liver fibrosis is the formation of extracellular matrix deposits due to excessive repair of chronic liver damage. Liver fibrosis is a necessary stage in the progression of cirrhosis, and timely intervention reverses the pathogenesis. Liver fibrosis is a dynamic and highly integrated molecular, cellular and organisational process. Currently, no specific drug is used to treat liver fibrosis, and liver transplantation is the main clinical treatment for cirrhosis. Chemical drugs are often designed to target individual genes or proteins, with kinds of side effects. Food polyphenols, which are available and safe, have unique advantages and great potential in the treatment with the liver fibrosis. This review summarizes the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and provides examples of food polyphenols’ anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms that have been identified in recent studies, and provides some sights for the development of anti-liver fibrosis drugs. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation, characterization and evaluation of kaempferol phospholipid complex: Improvement of its solubility and biological effect Dezhi Gao, Honghui Zhao, Fengmao Zou, Ming Yang, Jing Wang, Lina Fang, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (2): 56-64.   Abstract （76）      PDF（pc） （1873KB）（30）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Kaempferol (KA), as one of the fl avonoids, has extensive pharmacological properties. However, the poor solubility of KA severely limits its clinical application. In our study, the kaempferol phospholipid complex (KA-PC) has been prepared by solvent evaporation for the enhancement of the bioavailability of KA. KA-PC was verifi ed by scanning electron microscope characterization methods. Drug loading, solubility and long-term stability were measured. The characterization results showed that KA-PC was formed through the intermolecular interaction between KA and phospholipids. The solubility of KA-PC in water was 189 times higher than that of KA, and the solubility in n-octanol was also signifi cantly improved. Besides, pharmacodynamic studies showed that KA-PC can signifi cantly reduce the level of serum uric acid in mice without causing renal injury. This study expanded the clinical application of KA by preparing KA-PC. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation, physicochemical properties and antioxidant activity of genistein phospholipid complexes Ming Yang, Dan Zhang, Honghui Zhao, Shuping Wang, Xu Zhao Journal of Polyphenols    2024, 6 (4): 141-149.   Abstract （70）      PDF（pc） （4152KB）（22）       Knowledge map    Save Genistein phospholipid complex (GS-PC) was produced in order to increase the solubility and antioxidant activity of genistein (GS), an insoluble natural polyphenol compound. By using the solvent evaporation process, GS-PC was produced. Several characteristics techniques were used to confirm the production of GS-PC, and its physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity were investigated. The outcome showed that GS-PC had a recombination rate of 96.84% ± 0.51%. The characterization results confirmed that GS-PC was formed by the intermolecular interaction between GS and phospholipids. In vitro antioxidant studies showed that GS-PC had a certain scavenging ability on DPPH free radicals, ABTS free radicals and hydroxyl free radicals. In summary, the results of this study indicated that GS-PC could be used as a formula to improve its solubility and antioxidant activity. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exploring the mechanism of sea buckthorn polyphenols for the treatment of hyperlipidemia based on network pharmacology and molecular docking Yizhuo Geng, Lei Zhou, Haimiao Chen, Youdong Zhao, Tingxu Yan, Ying Jia Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 8-19.   Abstract （10）      PDF（pc） （5239KB）（16）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of action of sea buckthorn polyphenols in the treatment of hyperlipidemia through network pharmacology and molecular docking. The TCMSP pharmacology database was used to screen the polyphenols present in sea buckthorn, and then the SwissTargetPrediction and Uniprot databases were used to obtain the potential targets of sea buckthorn polyphenols, which were supplemented by the literature. In total, 7 polyphenols and 154 potential targets were obtained. Through GeneCards, OMIM database, 1 358 hyperlipidemia-related targets were collected. We found that there were 101 targets at the intersection of components and diseases. Through GO and KEGG enrichment analysis, 27 core targets were obtained, which were AKT1, TNF, TP53, IL-6, etc. in order of degree value. 174 pathways were obtained from KEGG enrichment analysis, including AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, lipid and atherosclerosis, etc. The molecular docking of the main components to the targets was performed using OpenBabelGUI, AutoDockTools-1.5.6 software. Finally, the results were visualized using Cytoscape 3.9.1 software. The molecular docking results showed that sea buckthorn polyphenols have good binding ability with the key targets. Among them, such as quercetin and kaempferol, have good binding ability with TNF, TP53 and IL-6. For example, TNF binds to quercetin with a binding energy of -5.34 kcal/mol and to kaempferol with a binding energy of -6.22 kcal/mol; TP53 binds to kaempferol with a binding energy of -5.32 kcal/mol; IL-6 binds to quercetin with a binding energy of -5.62 kcal/mol, etc. Therefore, the network pharmacology study showed that the treatment of hyperlipidemia by sea buckthorn polyphenols can be realized by multi-component-multi-target-multi-pathway together, which provides some reference for the later study of sea buckthorn polyphenols in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Simulated digestive behavior of naringin microspheres and its influence on yogurt: The rheology and antioxidant activities Hongyue Wang, Tong Zhang, Shuhan Liu, Xiangrong Zhang, Baoshan Sun Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 1-7.   Abstract （7）      PDF（pc） （3182KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract In this study, naringin was encapsulated in microspheres and its simulated digestive behavior in vitro was examined. Then naringin microspheres was added in yogurt to investigate the rheology and antioxidant activities. The results indicated that encapsulating naringin in microspheres delayed its digestion in the stomach, allowing more release in the intestinal part. All kinds of yogurt were solid-like in nature and the addition of microspheres increased the elastic modulus and viscosity. The naringin and microspheres incorporation enhanced the total phenolic content of the yogurt to 6.7 and 8.8 mg of gallic acid equivalent/mL, respectively. All kinds of yogurt demonstrated more than 80% scavenging ability for hydroxyl radicals at 20 μL whey/mL. The addition of microspheres improved the DPPH radical scavenging ability of yogurt. This study provides a new idea for the application of polyphenols in food and the development of functional yogurt. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A review on the function and application of polyphenol compound of quinoa Jianle Si, Keshuang Guo, Xin Li, Yingtong Ma, Jianxin Song, Xiangrong Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 32-43.   Abstract （11）      PDF（pc） （6203KB）（14）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract Quinoa is pseudo cereal and considered as full nutritional food for its functional ingredients such as peptides, polysaccharides, saponins and polyphenols. Up to now, over 20 phenolic compounds have been reported in quinoa, and these polyphenols are related to anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-obesity, anti-diabetic and cardioprotective activities. Recently, more and more attentions are focused on quinoa in the food and pharmaceutical fields. Many new products such as bakery, beverage and meat product made from quinoa are popular in the market. This article presents a review of the literature on the function and application of polyphenols in quinoa. The review will benefit the researchers working with nutrition, functional diets of quinoa. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Network pharmacology and molecular docking based study on the potential mechanism of the treatment of colitis by Solanum nigrum Linn. Bingxin Zhang, Zhennan Meng, Kexin Huang, Ziqi Sun, Xiaoshu Zhang Journal of Polyphenols    2025, 7 (1): 20-31.   Abstract （9）      PDF（pc） （3479KB）（7）       Knowledge map    Save Abstract The purpose of this study was to characterize the chemical components of the extract of Solanum Nigrum Linn. (SNL), by LC-MS/MS, and to identify 33 compounds by positive and negative total ion flow maps. Network pharmacology and molecular docking methods were used to investigate the mechanism of action of SNL against ulcerative colitis (UC). A total of 282 component target genes and 1 850 disease target genes were obtained, and 157 cross-targets and 16 core-targets were obtained after crossover. A total of 20 signaling pathways such as anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic were obtained by GO analysis and KEGG analysis, respectively. It is possible that the anti UC effect can be achieved by regulating proteins such as AKT1, EGFR, NFKB1, JUN, and HSP90AA1. Molecular docking results show that the anti UC active ingredients are well docked with the target protein molecules This study provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of SNL. Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）